Ka tlhokomeliso e ntseng e eketseha ea lefats'e ea ts'ireletso ea tikoloho, ts'ebeliso le mekhoa ea tlhahiso ea mekotla ea lijo le eona e ntse e fetoha ka khutso. Mekotla ea setso ea polasetiki ea lijo e fumane tlhokomelo e eketsehileng ka lebaka la kotsi ea bona tikolohong. Linaha li nkile mehato ea ho fokotsa tšebeliso ea tsona le ho khothaletsa lipatlisiso le nts'etsopele le ts'ebeliso ea thepa e senyehang. Sengoliloeng sena se tla hlahloba boemo ba hajoale ba mekotla ea lijo, mathata ao ba tobanang le ona, le tataiso ea nts'etsopele ea nako e tlang.
1. Boemo ba hona joale ba mekotla ea lijo
E le thepa ea bohlokoa ea ho paka bophelong ba letsatsi le letsatsi, mekotla ea lijo e sebelisoa haholo mabenkeleng a maholo, lijong, lijong le masimong a mang. Ho ea ka lipalo-palo, palo ea mekotla ea polasetiki e hlahisoang lefatšeng ka bophara selemo le selemo e holimo ho libilione, ’me karolo e khōlō ea eona e sebelisetsoa ho paka lijo. Leha ho le joalo, tšebeliso ea mekotla ea polasetiki e tlisitse mathata a tebileng a tikoloho. Ho nka makholo a lilemo hore polasetiki e bole tikolohong ea tlhaho, 'me lintho tse kotsi li tla lokolloa nakong ea ts'ebetso ea ho bola, tse silafatsang mobu le mehloli ea metsi.
Lilemong tsa morao tjena, linaha le libaka tse ngata li qalile ho lemoha bothata bona 'me li hlahisitse maano a ho thibela tšebeliso ea mekotla ea polasetiki. Ka mohlala, European Union e fetisitse Plastic Bags Directive ka 2015, e hlokang hore linaha tsa litho li fokotse tšebeliso ea mekotla ea polasetiki e lahliloeng ho 90 ho motho ka mong ka selemo ka 2021. Ho phaella moo, Chaena e boetse e kentse tšebetsong "thibelo ea polasetiki" metseng e mengata ho khothalletsa likhoebo ho sebelisa thepa e senyehang.
2. Likotsi tsa tikoloho tsa mekotla ea polasetiki
Likotsi tsa tikoloho tsa mekotla ea polasetiki li bonahala haholo ka lintlha tse latelang:
Tšilafalo ea leoatle: Palo e khōlō ea mekotla ea polasetiki e lahloa ka ho rata ’me qetellong e phallela leoatleng, e fetoha karolo ea litšila tsa leoatle. Liphoofolo tse phelang metsing ka phoso li ja mekotla ea polasetiki, e bakang lefu la tsona kapa khōlo e sa tloaelehang, e amang botsitso ba tikoloho ka ho teba.
Tšilafalo ea mobu: Ha mekotla ea polasetiki e bola mobung, e ntša lik’hemik’hale tse kotsi, tse amang boleng ba mobu le ho hōla ha limela.
Tšilafalo ea lisebelisoa: Tlhahiso ea mekotla ea polasetiki e sebelisa lisebelisoa tse ngata tsa petroleum, tse ka beng li ile tsa sebelisetsoa merero e meng ea bohlokoa haholoanyane.
3. Ho phahama ha mekotla ea lijo e senyehang
Ka lebaka la mathata a tikoloho a bakoang ke mekotla ea polasetiki, lik'hamphani tse ngata le litsi tsa lipatlisiso tsa saense li qalile ho hlahisa mekotla ea lijo e senyehang. Hangata mekotla ena e entsoe ka lisebelisoa tse nchafalitsoeng tse kang starch ea limela le polylactic acid (PLA), e ka senyehang ka tlhaho tlas'a maemo a itseng, ho fokotsa moroalo tikolohong.
Mekotla ea setache ea limela: Mofuta ona oa mokotla o entsoe haholo-holo ka lisebelisoa tse tala tsa limela tse kang starch ea poone, 'me o na le biocompatibility e ntle le ho senyeha. Liphuputso li bontšitse hore mekotla ea starch ea limela e ka senyeha ka ho feletseng ka mor'a likhoeli tse 'maloa tlas'a maemo a loketseng.
Polylactic acid bags: Polylactic acid ke bioplastic e entsoeng ka lisebelisoa tse nchafalitsoeng (joalo ka starch ea poone) e nang le thepa e ntle ea mochini le pepeneneng, e loketseng ho paka lijo. Mekotla ea asiti ea polylactic e ka senyeha nakong ea likhoeli tse 6 tlas'a maemo a manyolo a indasteri.
Lisebelisoa tse ling tse ncha: Ho phaella ho limela tsa starch le polylactic acid, bafuputsi ba boetse ba hlahloba lisebelisoa tse ling tse senyehang, tse kang li-extracts tsa leoatleng, mycelium, joalo-joalo. Lisebelisoa tsena tse ncha ha li na tikoloho feela, empa hape li fana ka ts'ebetso e ntle ea ho paka.
4. Mathata a mekotla ea lijo e senyehang
Leha mekotla ea lijo e senyehileng e na le melemo e hlakileng ts'ireletsong ea tikoloho, e ntse e tobana le liphephetso tse ling nakong ea ts'ebetso le ts'ebeliso:
Litšenyehelo tsa litšenyehelo: Hona joale, litšenyehelo tsa tlhahiso ea lisebelisoa tse senyehang hangata li phahametse tsa thepa ea setso ea polasetiki, e leng se etsang hore bahoebi ba bangata ba ntse ba sebelisa mekotla ea polasetiki e theko e tlaase ha ba khetha thepa ea ho paka.
Tlhokomeliso ea bareki: Bareki ba bangata ha ba na tsebo e lekaneng ea mekotla ea lijo e senyehang 'me ba ntse ba tloaetse ho sebelisa mekotla ea setso ea polasetiki. Mokhoa oa ho ntlafatsa tlhokomeliso ea tikoloho ea sechaba le ho ba khothaletsa ho khetha lihlahisoa tse senyehang ke senotlolo sa papatso.
Sistimi ea ho khutlisa: Ho sebelisoa hape le kalafo ea mekotla ea lijo e senyehang e hloka hore ho thehoe tsamaiso ea molumo. Hona joale, libaka tse ngata ha li e-s'o thehe mokhoa o sebetsang oa ho tsosolosa, o ka etsang hore mekotla e senyehang e kopane le mekotla e tloaelehileng ea polasetiki nakong ea phekolo, e amang phello ea ho senyeha.
5. Tataiso ea Ntlafatso ea Bokamoso
Bakeng sa ho khothaletsa botumo le tšebeliso ea mekotla ea lijo e senyehileng, mebuso, likhoebo le litsi tsa lipatlisiso tsa mahlale li lokela ho sebetsa 'moho ho nka mehato e latelang:
Tšehetso ea leano: 'Muso o lokela ho hlahisa maano a amehang ho khothaletsa likhoebo ho theha le ho sebelisa thepa e senyehang, le ho fana ka lithuso kapa likhothaletso tsa lekhetho ho likhoebo tse sebelisang mekotla e senyehang.
Thuto ea sechaba: Ka phatlalatso le thuto, ntlafatsa temoho ea sechaba ka mekotla ea lijo e senyehang le ho khothaletsa bareki ho khetha lihlahisoa tse baballang tikoloho.
Patlisiso le nts'etsopele ea theknoloji: Eketsa matsete lipatlisisong le nts'etsopele ea thepa e senyehang, ho fokotsa litšenyehelo tsa tlhahiso, le ho ntlafatsa ts'ebetso ea thepa ho fihlela tlhoko ea 'maraka.
Ntlafatsa mokhoa oa ho tsosolosa: Theha le ho ntlafatsa mokhoa oa ho tsosolosa le oa phekolo ea lisebelisoa tse senyehang ho netefatsa hore li senyeha ka katleho ka mor'a ho sebelisoa le ho fokotsa tšusumetso tikolohong.
Qetello: Tsela ea ho sireletsa tikoloho ea mekotla ea lijo e telele ebile e boima, empa ka tsoelo-pele ea saense le thekenoloji le ntlafatso ea tlhokomeliso ea sechaba, re na le lebaka la ho lumela hore liphutheloana tsa lijo nakong e tlang li tla ba tse tala 'me li boloke tikoloho. Ka boiteko bo kopanetsoeng, re ka theha tikoloho e betere ea bophelo bakeng sa meloko e tlang.
Nako ea poso: Dec-07-2024
